Vladimir
New member
unsleepable said:kingsap said:Any recomendation for a spdif - usb converters? Im reading about the audiophilleo + purepower or the audiobyte hydra. Both is pretty expensive though
I wouldn't buy nowadays an Audiophilleo. I usually find power supply upgrades for DACs a bit unreasonable, seeing as they are low-powered devices anyways and it shouldn't be so expensive to sell them with the right power supply from the beginning. But Audiophilleo now offers power supply upgrades for their USB-to-SPDIF converters, and I think that's rather excessive.
A converter that has gotten popular is the Gustard U12. You can find it in Shenzhenaudio.com—either in their web site or in their shop in eBay. With VAT and duties it should be around £135.
I think 60$ for a linear regulated power supply isn't that unreasonable. I have 2, one set at 5V/2.5A for my DAC and one set at 24V/1A for the headphone amp. I also have an old linear regulated 5V/1.7A brick as a reserve.
Switch mode unregulated power supplies (brick or phone chargers) that come with all DACs and small amps are not true DC sources. A lot of AC ripple comes through and their power output varies with the mains AC. In not so many words they are absolute rubbish.
- Problems With Unregulated Power Supplies
The first problem is that there’s a practical limit on how much you can reduce the ripple voltage. Unregulated supplies are used whenever small size and/or low cost are the primary design goals. Therefore, the filter cap ends up being on the small side, so all practical unregulated supplies put out a significant amount of ripple.
The other main problem is that an unregulated power supply simply puts out an analog of the AC input voltage as DC: any variation on the AC side is directly translated into DC variation. Let’s say you’re using the 120 VAC to 20 VDC power supply depicted above, and that there’s a brownout that drops the wall voltage to 108 VAC. Because the transformer puts out 1/6 the input voltage no matter what that is, the power supply will put out 18 V as long as the brownout lasts. The same sort of thing happens if your wall power has hash or voltage spikes on it: the ugliness appears on the power supply’s output, albeit in a reduced form.
These DC artifacts are collectively called noise and ripple, often abbreviated “N+R.”
- Part of a Solution: Regulation
Given that the AC wall voltage varies so much, electrical engineers came up with the idea of power supply “regulation.” This means the DC output voltage is mostly independent of the AC input voltage. One regulated power supply I have is rated to put out a stable DC voltage given anywhere from 108-132 VAC, a 22% variation. An unregulated power supply would simply vary its output by 22% given the same supply range.
There are two kinds of regulation: linear and switch-mode.
- Linear Regulated Power Supplies
Most linear power supplies are simply an unregulated power supply followed by some kind of linear regulator. The most common linear regulators are monolithic regulators, being a regulator circuit on a single chip. Occasionally you see linear regulators made of discrete circuitry.
A linear regulator is designed to put out a particular voltage given an input voltage within a fairly wide range. For example, the standard 7815 monolithic regulator is designed to put out 15 VDC given anywhere from 17.5 to 30 V as input. The difference between the minimum input voltage and the output voltage is called the dropout voltage. When the input voltage is below the dropout point, the regulator doesn’t regulate the voltage. When the input is above the dropout point, the regulator works. The voltage dropped across the regulator is turned into heat.
Linear power supplies aren’t perfect. Some noise and ripple still gets through the regulator, and regulators will add some noise of their own. Here are some measured numbers of various linear supplies under a constant 0.25 A load:
Power supply description / N+R
Elpac WM080 / 1.8 mV
Creek OBH-2 / 0.25 mV
High-quality LM317-based DIY supply / 0.06 mV
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