lpv said:
lindsayt said:
...And at the end of the day, active or passive is the icing on the cake. It's the drivers and cabinet design that are the sponge and the filling of the cake. In the case of AVI speakers these are seriously flawed.
can you elaborate?
What causes the need for damping in a speaker? This Wikipedia entry explains it quite well:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damping_factor said:
Speaker diaphragms have mass, and their surroundings have stiffness. Together, these form a resonant system, and the mechanical cone resonance may be excited by electrical signals (e.g., pulses) at audio frequencies. But a driver with a voice coil is also a current generator, since it has a coil attached to the cone and suspension, and that coil is immersed in a magnetic field. For every motion the coil makes, it will generate a current that will be seen by any electrically attached equipment, such as an amplifier.
Bass drivers are a resonant system. In the same way that a car's suspension is a resonant system. We have a sprung, damped mass in both of them. With huge differences in the mass, spring rates, damping, input forces.
In a car you have the mass of the car, suspension springs, shock absorbers (dampers) as well as spring and damping effects from the tyres, suspension bushes etc.
With a bass driver the mass is in the moving part: the cone (with attached dust cap and voicecoil). The spring and damping effects are provided by the cone surround, the voicecoil connecting wires, the air in front of and behind the cone and the electrical damping effects.
Resonant systems can be either under, over or critically damped.
For a bass driver, one tenth critical damping would be bad. Too much flippy flappy unwanted cone movement. Overdamped would be bad. Too much pushing through treacle effect. The bass cone would be too slow and ponderous when reacting to the transient inputs that are such an important part of music.
It's when we get to the area of one half critical damping to critical damping that we have a big fat compromise in bass drivers. We have a trade off between accuracy (critical damping) and transient response (one half critical damping). As we increase damping towards critical we are increasing the pushing through treacle effect. That's something we don't want as the bass cones will then be slower and less free to move. As we reduce damping away from critical that's something we don't want as after a transient - eg the hammer hitting the skin of a bass drum - the cone will continue to produce sound at the cone's resonant frequency when we don't want it to.
If we have a bass driver that already has the best compromise amount of damping from mechanical means, adding more electrical damping would make it sound worse! IE active with solid state amplification would sound worse than passive with valves.
With a speaker, the greater the cone movement, the greater the tension we're going to put into our "springs", the more it's going to want to oscillate, the greater the need for the correct amount of damping.
Looking at this calculator: http://www.baudline.com/erik/bass/xmaxer.html
The amount of cone movement depends on the cone diameter squared, for a given frequency and volume. So that:
A 12" driver will move 4 times less than a 6" driver.
A 15" driver will move 6 times less than a 6" driver.
Twin 12" drivers will move 8 times less than a 6" driver.
A 30" driver will move 25 times less than 6" driver.
I'll use a car analogy here to illustrate the difference between a 30" driver and a 6" driver. Imagine 2 cars rolling down your driveway at 3 mph. The cracks in your drive are the musical signal, the car is the speaker. The first car is your car. At 3 mph on your drive you could take the shock absorbers out of your car and you wouldn't notice any difference. The second car is a one twenty-fifth (1 25) scale model of your car. If you put Barbie in the seat of this car imagine how she'd be rattled about as she was pushed down your drive.
Going active is a solution to a problem that has been created by using 6 inch drivers instead of something much larger.
More to follow...