The quality of the parts used can make an amp more expensive. Some amps use 'off the shelf' parts which are mass produced and relatively cheap, but others use hand made parts which are more expensive, and even more expensive if they're specifically made for that manufacturer. Also, how is the amp constructed? Many Japanese amps tend to be mass produced on a production line. Amps like Naim and Bryston are hand made from start to finish, and in the case of Bryston they soak test each product for 100 hours before sending them to the dealer. Some amplifiers, due to their parts and design, can produce masses of power, capable of driving speakers regardless of how low their impedance gets.
Some amplifiers will only show their true colours in the right system, or with certain speakers. I've mentioned many times before that the amplifier and speaker pairing is the most important one in the whole system - get this wrong and it doesn't matter how much the indivdual parts or whole tem costs - it's performance won't be equivalent to it's worth.