MQA is a technology to transmit high-res recordings with a substantial reduced bandwidth. That is the reason why Tidal used it.
Assuming a 24 bit / 96 kHz recording, it is down-sampled to 48 kHz. This will half the size so the claim is correct.
Downsampling to 48 kHz of course removes the entire 24-48 kHz audio band (Shannon-Nyquist).
To avoid this, MQA uses what they call Audio Origami. This 24-48 part is folded and stored below bit 17. Hence it is preserved.
By using the bits below bit 17, the dynamic rangen is reduced from 24 bit to 17 bit, only 1 bit better than CD quality.
Obvious, MQA is a lossy codec sacrificing dynamic range in favor of frequency range.
On playback you can do
- Nothing. It simply plays, you won't hear the 17-24 bit part. Pretty clever job.
- Expand in software. The Origami will be unfolded, restoring the 24-48 range. Effectively you are listening to a 17 bit / 96 kHz recording.
-Expand in hardware. The same as the soft ware plus setting the DAC to use minimum phase filters. This was the reason manufacturers like Ayre refused to buy a license because they already used minimum phase filters in their products.
It is pretty hard to make bit 17 or lower audible. You must have a playback chain with a noise floor better than 102 dB. Most power amps are noisier. So although MQA is lossy, the change to hear this losses are low.