Is it an elliptical mini-dish you're using,i,e one thats mucher wider than it is tall as used by Sky etc,?
If so then make sure you have an LNB that is specifically for elliptical mini-dishes and not just a generic LNB meant for round(er) dishes supplied with an adaptor to fit a mini-dish.
You wont get optimum signal from using the later on mini-dish due to the shape of the scaler rings/steps in the feedhorn (the part of the LNB that collects/focuses the reflected satellite signals from the dish).
The scaling rings in an mini-dish LNB are elliptical too, as it has a wider dish area to focus on in the horizontal plane than it does in the vertical plane.The LNB's used on round(er) dishes have round scaling rings/steps because the focus area is virtually the same in both plane's, so if you was to use one on an elliptical dish it wont be focusing on the full dish area in said horizontal plane.Hope that makes sense.
Having said all that,and assuming you have the correct type LNB and it isn't faulty and all the connections are ok and the fact you get signal when you put the old LNB back on i'd put money on it being one of the following...................
Firstly, quad LNB's are usually considerably heavier than single LNB's.This can cause the dish/feed arm to sag,and it's not uncommon to have to adjust the dish elevation to account for the sagging.
Secondly, would be the LNB 'skew' is out. LNB skew/LNB polarization is basically the rotational posistion the LNB is mounted,in relation to to the dish. If this out you wont be getting optimum signal and can cause the symptoms yo describe, i.e particular channels missing,especially missing BBC's/ITV's.
Different LNB's have different ways/markings for Skew adjustment, but it's usually one of the following
The skew is adjusted by loosening the screws of the LNB holder and rotating the LNB in it's holder by a certain amount of degree's, the LNB will have a scale marking on it somewhere,usually underneath or on the side.
You can find the degree of skew you need to use by going to
http://www.dishpointer.com/ entering your full address and then selecting the satellite(s), which is 28.2 East (Astra 2A,2B and 2D). Then at the bottom of the page you will see the dish set-up data, which will give you LNB skew adjustment, dish elevation and azimuth settings.
The other type of LNB's commonly found on mini-dishes have skew presets (marked 1-5) and is adjusted by loosening the single screw underneath and rotating the LNB in its weather casing. Without a satellite meter adjusting these type of LNBs is going to be a bit of trial and error, but it's just a case of getting the signal levels screen up on your STB and adjusting until you get the best signal strength/quality. I would recommend starting in the middle of the scale,so with a skew of 3 then adjusting from there.
HTH...